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As edema develops, more and more fluid accumulates in the intercellular spaces. These spaces contain a protein-rich tissue gel, which absorbs the water. This holds the water in position.

When the tissue contains more water than the tissue gel can absorb, the excess water is not held in position and can move about in the tissue. This causes pitting edema; pressing a finger into the tissue will displace the water, leaving a dent.

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